{{htmlmetatags>metatag-robots=()
metatag-title=(  | ugBASIC User Manual)
metatag-keywords=(ugBASIC,Commodore 64,Commodore PLUS/4,ZX Spectrum)
metatag-description=(An isomorphic language for retrocomputers)
metatag-media-og:image=(:ugbasic:logo-ugbasic-fb.png)
metatag-og:title=(  | ugBASIC User Manual) 
metatag-og:description=(An isomorphic language for retrocomputers)
}}

====== ugBASIC User Manual ======

=====   =====

==== PURPOSE ====


==== SOURCE CODE ====
   	1 BORDER 0: PAPER 0: INK 9: BRIGHT 1: CLS 
      10 LET spheres=2: IF spheres THEN DIM c(spheres,3): DIM r(spheres): DIM q(spheres)
      20 FOR k=1 TO spheres: READ c(k,1),c(k,2),c(k,3),r: LET r(k)=r: LET q(k)=r*r: NEXT k
      30 DATA -0.3,-0.8,3,0.6
      40 DATA 0.9,-1.1,2,0.2
      50 FOR i=0 TO 175: FOR j=0 TO 255
      60 LET x=0.3: LET y=-0.5: LET z=0
      70 LET dx=j-128: LET dy=88-i: LET dz=300: LET dd=dx*dx+dy*dy+dz*dz
      80 GO SUB 100: NEXT j: NEXT i
      90 STOP 
     100 LET n=-(y>=0 OR dy<=0): IF NOT n THEN LET s=-y/dy
     110 FOR k=1 TO spheres
     120 LET px=c(k,1)-x: LET py=c(k,2)-y: LET pz=c(k,3)-z
     130 LET pp=px*px+py*py+pz*pz
     140 LET sc=px*dx+py*dy+pz*dz
     150 IF sc<=0 THEN GO TO 200
     160 LET bb=sc*sc/dd
     170 LET aa=q(k)-pp+bb
     180 IF aa<=0 THEN GO TO 200
     190 LET sc=(SQR bb-SQR aa)/SQR dd: IF sc<s OR n<0 THEN LET n=k: LET s=sc
     200 NEXT k
     210 IF n<0 THEN RETURN 
     220 LET dx=dx*s: LET dy=dy*s: LET dz=dz*s: LET dd=dd*s*s
     230 LET x=x+dx: LET y=y+dy: LET z=z+dz
     240 IF n=0 THEN GO TO 300
     250 LET nx=x-c(n,1): LET ny=y-c(n,2): LET nz=z-c(n,3)
     270 LET l=2*(dx*nx+dy*ny+dz*nz)/q(n)
     280 LET dx=dx-nx*l: LET dy=dy-ny*l: LET dz=dz-nz*l
     290 GO TO 100
     300 FOR k=1 TO spheres
     310 LET u=c(k,1)-x: LET v=c(k,3)-z: IF u*u+v*v<=q(k) THEN RETURN 
     320 NEXT k
     330 IF (x-INT x>.5)<>(z-INT z>.5) THEN PLOT j,i
     340 RETURN
   


==== SOURCE FILE ====
  * ''[[https://github.com/spotlessmind1975/ugbasic/tree/main/examples/contrib_raytracing.bas|contrib_raytracing.bas]]''
==== HOW TO COMPILE AND RUN ====
The instructions here refer to compiling the example from the command line. For Microsoft Windows users we suggest using **[[https://spotlessmind1975.itch.io/ugbasic-ide|UGBASIC-IDE]]**, which allows you to compile the example with just one click.=== ATARI 400/800 family ===
In order to compile and run the example, you need to have the Altirra emulator, and in particular that the ''altirra'' executable is accessible.

Then, type this command on the command line:

   # Linux 
   ugbc.atari contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.xex
   altirra example.xex
   
   # Windows 
   ugbc.atari.exe contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.xex
   altirra example.xex
=== ATARI 600XL/800XL/1200XL/XG(SE) family ===
In order to compile and run the example, you need to have the Altirra emulator, and in particular that the ''altirra'' executable is accessible.

Then, type this command on the command line:

   # Linux 
   ugbc.atarixl contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.xex
   altirra example.xex
   
   # Windows 
   ugbc.atarixl.exe contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.xex
   altirra example.xex
=== Commodore 64 ===
In order to compile and run the example, you need to have the VICE emulator, and in particular that the ''x64sc'' executable is accessible.

Then, type this command on the command line:

   # Linux 
   ugbc.c64 contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.prg
   x64sc example.prg
   
   # Windows 
   ugbc.c64.exe contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.prg
   x64sc example.prg
=== Commodore PLUS/4 ===
== Using YAPE ==
In order to run the example, you need to have the YAPE emulator. In particular that the ''yape'' executable is accessible.

Then, type this command on the command line:

   # Linux 
   ugbc.plus4 contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.prg
   yape example.prg
   
   # Windows 
   ugbc.plus4.exe contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.prg
   yape example.prg
== Using VICE ==
In order to run the example, you need to have the VICE emulator. In particular that the ''xplus4'' executable is accessible.

Then, type this command on the command line:

   # Linux 
   ugbc.plus4 contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.prg
   xplus4 example.prg
   
   # Windows 
   ugbc.plus4.exe contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.prg
   xplus4 example.prg
=== Dragon 32 ===
In order to compile and run the example, you need to have the XROAR emulator, and in particular that the ''xroar'' executable is accessible.

Then, type this command on the command line:

   # Linux 
   ugbc.d32 contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.bin
   xroar -rompath (your rom path) example.bin
   
   # Windows 
   ugbc.d32.exe contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.bin
   xroar.exe -rompath (your rom path) example.bin
=== Dragon 64 ===
In order to compile and run the example, you need to have the XROAR emulator, and in particular that the ''xroar'' executable is accessible.

Then, type this command on the command line:

   # Linux 
   ugbc.d64 contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.bin
   xroar -rompath (your rom path) example.bin
   
   # Windows 
   ugbc.d64.exe contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.bin
   xroar.exe -rompath (your rom path) example.bin
=== PC128 Olivetti Prodest ===
In order to compile and run the example, you need to have the DCMOTO emulator, and in particular that the ''dcmoto'' executable is accessible.

Then, type this command on the command line and on the emulator:

   # Linux 
   ugbc.pc128op contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.k7
   dcmoto
   (choose BASIC 128)
   CLEAR,&H2FFF: LOADM"CASS:",R: EXEC
   
   # Windows 
   ugbc.pc128op.exe contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.k7
   dcmoto
   (choose example.k7)
   (choose BASIC 128)
   CLEAR,&H2FFF: LOADM"CASS:",R: EXEC
=== Thomson MO5 ===
In order to compile and run the example, you need to have the DCMOTO emulator, and in particular that the ''dcmoto'' executable is accessible.

Then, type this command on the command line and on the emulator:

   # Linux 
   ugbc.pc128op contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.k7
   dcmoto
   (choose BASIC 128)
   CLEAR,&H2FFF: LOADM"CASS:",R: EXEC
   
   # Windows 
   ugbc.pc128op.exe contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.k7
   dcmoto
   (choose example.k7)
   (choose BASIC 128)
   CLEAR,&H2FFF: LOADM"CASS:",R: EXEC
=== Commodore VIC-20 ===
In order to compile and run the example, you need to have the VICE emulator, and in particular that the ''xvic'' executable is accessible.

Then, type this command on the command line:

   # Linux 
   ugbc.vic20 contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.prg
   xvic --memory 24k example.prg
   
   # Windows 
   ugbc.vic20.exe contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.prg
   xvic --memory 24k example.prg
=== ZX Spectrum ===
In order to compile and run the example, you need to have the Speccy emulator, and in particular that the ''speccy'' executable is accessible.

Then, type this command on the command line:

   # Linux 
   ugbc.zx contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.tap
   Speccy example.tap
   
   # Windows 
   ugbc.zx.exe contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.tap
   Speccy example.tap
=== MSX ===
In order to compile and run the example, you need to have the openMsx or the BlueMSX emulator, and in particular that its executable is accessible.

Then, type this command on the command line:

== openMSX ==
   # Linux 
   ugbc.msx1 contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.rom
   openmsx -cart example.rom
   
   # Windows 
   ugbc.msx1.exe contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.rom
   openmsx -cart example.rom
== blueMSX ==
   # Linux 
   ugbc.msx1 contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.rom
   bluemsx example.rom
   
   # Windows 
   ugbc.msx1.exe contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.rom
   bluemsx example.rom
=== ColecoVision ===
In order to compile and run the example, you need to have the openMsx or the BlueMSX emulator, and in particular that its executable is accessible.

Then, type this command on the command line:

== openMSX ==
   # Linux 
   ugbc.coleco contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.rom
   openmsx -machine \"COL - ColecoVision\" -cart example.rom
   
   # Windows 
   ugbc.coleco.exe contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.rom
   bluemsx -machine \"COL - ColecoVision\" example.rom
== blueMSX ==
   # Linux 
   ugbc.coleco contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.rom
   bluemsx /machine \"COL - ColecoVision\" /rom1 example.rom
   
   # Windows 
   ugbc.coleco.exe contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.rom
   bluemsx  /machine \"COL - ColecoVision\" /rom1 example.rom
=== SEGA SC-3000 ===
In order to compile and run the example, you need to have the BlueMSX emulator, and in particular that its executable is accessible.

Then, type this command on the command line:

   # Linux 
   ugbc.sc3000 contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.rom
   bluemsx /machine \"SEGA - SC-3000\" /rom1 example.rom
   
   # Windows 
   ugbc.sc3000.exe contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.rom
   bluemsx  /machine \"SEGA - SC-3000\" /rom1 example.rom
=== SEGA SG-1000 ===
In order to compile and run the example, you need to have the BlueMSX emulator, and in particular that its executable is accessible.

Then, type this command on the command line:

   # Linux 
   ugbc.sg1000 contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.rom
   bluemsx /machine \"SEGA - SG-1000\" /rom1 example.rom
   
   # Windows 
   ugbc.sg1000.exe contrib_raytracing.bas -o example.rom
   bluemsx  /machine \"SEGA - SG-1000\" /rom1 example.rom
==== ANY PROBLEM? ====
If you have found a problem trying to run this example, if you think there is a bug or, more simply, you would like it to be improved, [[https://github.com/spotlessmind1975/ugbasic/issues/new?title=IMPROVE  |open an issue]] for this example on GitHub. Thank you!===== POWERED BY =====

[[:ugbasic:user:examples|{{ :ugbasic:user:logo-ugbasic.png?nolink&600 |}}]]